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Mus musculus
4 Downloadable Samples
Illumina HiSeq 2000
Description
Background & Aims: Perturbations in pancreatic ductal bicarbonate secretion often result in chronic pancreatitis. Although the physiological mechanism of ductal secretion is known, its transcriptional control is not well characterized. Here, we investigate the role of the transcription factor Hematopoietically-expressed homeobox protein (Hhex) in pancreatic secretion and pancreatitis. Methods: We derived mice with pancreas-specific, Cre-mediated Hhex gene ablation to determine the requirement of Hhex in the pancreatic duct in early life and in adult stages. Histological and immunostaining analyses were used to detect the presence of pathology. Pancreatic primary ductal cells (PDCs) were isolated to discover differentially expressed transcripts upon acute Hhex ablation. Results: Hhex protein was detected throughout the embryonic and adult ductal trees. Ablation of Hhex in pancreatic progenitors resulted in postnatal ductal ectasia associated with acinar-to-ductal metaplasia, a progressive phenotype that ultimately resulted in chronic pancreatitis. Hhex ablation in adult mice, however, did not cause any detectable pathology. Ductal ectasia did not result from perturbations in primary cilia, but was consistent with the effects of primary ductal hypertension. RNA-seq analysis of Hhex-ablated PDCs indicated the G-protein coupled receptor Natriuretic peptide receptor 3, implicated in paracrine signaling, was upregulated 4.70-fold. Conclusions: Although Hhex is dispensable for adult pancreatic function, ablation of Hhex in pancreatic progenitors results in profound pancreatitis that is consistent with primary ductal hypertension. Our data highlight the critical role of paracrine signaling in maintaining ductal homeostasis, especially in early life, and support ductal hypersecretion as a novel etiology of pediatric chronic pancreatitis. Overall design: Pancreatic primary ductal cells (PDCs) were isolated from uninduced adult HhexL/L;Sox9CreERT2 (n=2) and littermate control HhexL/L (n=2) mice. PDCs were treated with 500nM 4-hydroxytamoxifen in vitro for 4 days, and then RNA was collected for transcriptome analysis.
Publication Title
Spontaneous Pancreatitis Caused by Tissue-Specific Gene Ablation of <i>Hhex</i> in Mice.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 1 Downloadable Sample
- Illumina HumanHT-12 V4.0 expression beadchip, Illumina Genome Analyzer
Description
This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Publication Title
The long noncoding RNA RMST interacts with SOX2 to regulate neurogenesis.
Sample Metadata Fields
Cell line, Treatment
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 1 Downloadable Sample
Illumina HumanHT-12 V4.0 expression beadchip, Illumina Genome Analyzer
Description
We report that knockdown of the lncRNA RMST changes the gene expression profile of neural stem cells.
Publication Title
The long noncoding RNA RMST interacts with SOX2 to regulate neurogenesis.
Sample Metadata Fields
Cell line
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 8 Downloadable Samples
Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430A 2.0 Array (mouse430a2)
Description
Downregulation of expression and activity levels of the astroglial glutamate transporter EAAT2 is thought to be implicated in motor neuron excitotoxicity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We previously reported that EAAT2 is cleaved by caspase-3 at the cytosolic C-terminus domain, impairing the transport activity and generating a proteolytic fragment found to be SUMO1 conjugated (CTE-SUMO1). We show here that this fragment accumulates in the nucleus of spinal cord astrocytes in vivo throughout the disease stages of the SOD1-G93A mouse model of ALS. In vitro expression in spinal cord astrocytes of the C-terminus peptide of EAAT2 (CTE), which was artificially fused to SUMO1 (CTE-SUMO1fus) to mimic the endogenous SUMOylation reaction, recapitulates the nuclear accumulation of the fragment seen in vivo and causes caspase-3 activation and axonal growth impairment in motor neuron-derived NSC-34 cells and primary motor neurons co-cultured with CTE-SUMO1fus-expressing spinal cord astrocytes. This indicates that CTE-SUMO1fus could trigger non-cell autonomous mechanisms of neurodegeneration. Prolonged nuclear accumulation of CTE-SUMO1fus in astrocytes leads to their degeneration, although the time frame of the cell-autonomous toxicity is longer than the one for the indirect toxic effect on motor neurons. As more evidence on the implication of SUMO substrates in neurodegenerative diseases emerges, our observations strongly suggest that the nuclear accumulation in spinal cord astrocytes of a SUMOylated proteolytic fragment of the astroglial glutamate transporter EAAT2 could take part to the pathogenesis of ALS and suggest a novel, unconventional role for EAAT2 in motor neuron degeneration in ALS.
Publication Title
Motor neuron impairment mediated by a sumoylated fragment of the glial glutamate transporter EAAT2.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 6 Downloadable Samples
- IlluminaHiSeq2500
Description
We performed RNA-seq and ChIP-seq on clones of human cell lines carrying an inducible XIST transgene on 1p, 8p, or 12q to study the effects of allelic silencing in cis Overall design: Total gene expression and allelic changes were examined in HT1080 clones carrying an inducible XIST transgene on 1p, 8p, or 12q after induction by doxycycline. A replicate was done for the 8p clone treated with DOX. An additional 1p clone integrated with an empty vector, and an 1p, 8p, and 12q clone without induction were included as controls. ChIP was performed on the 8p clone to investigate the changes in H3K27 acetylation and trimethylation.
Publication Title
Impact of flanking chromosomal sequences on localization and silencing by the human non-coding RNA XIST.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 21 Downloadable Samples
Description
Critical roles for DNA methylation in embryonic development are well established, but less is known about the roles of DNA methylation during trophoblast development, the extraembryonic lineage that gives rise to the placenta. Here we dissected the role of DNA methylation in trophoblast development by performing mRNA and DNA methylation profiling of Dnmt3a/3b-null trophoblast. We find that most gene deregulation is explained by an erasure of maternal methylation in the oocyte, but partially independent of loss of imprinting of the trophoblast-essential Ascl2 gene. Our results reveal that maternal DNA methylation controls multiple differentiation and physiological processes in trophoblast via both imprinting-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Overall design: mRNA-seq and WGBS-seq of maternal Dnmt3a/3b-null trophoblast; mRNA-seq of maternal Ascl2 KO trophoblast
Publication Title
Maternal DNA Methylation Regulates Early Trophoblast Development.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 1 Downloadable Sample
- Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)
Description
Although remission rates for metastatic melanoma are generally very poor, some patients can survive for prolonged periods following metastasis. We used gene expression profiling, mitotic index (MI), and quantification of tumor infiltrating leukocytes (TILs) and CD3+ cells in metastatic lesions to search for a molecular basis for this observation and to develop improved methods for predicting patient survival. We identified a group of 266 genes associated with postrecurrence survival. Genes positively associated with survival were predominantly immune response related (e.g., ICOS, CD3d, ZAP70, TRAT1, TARP, GZMK, LCK, CD2, CXCL13, CCL19, CCR7, VCAM1) while genes negatively associated with survival were cell proliferation related (e.g., PDE4D, CDK2, GREF1, NUSAP1, SPC24).
Publication Title
Immune profile and mitotic index of metastatic melanoma lesions enhance clinical staging in predicting patient survival.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex, Age
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 14 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array (mouse4302)
Description
PPAR is known for its anti-inflammatory actions in macrophages. However, which macrophage populations express PPAR in vivo and how it regulates tissue homeostasis in the steady state and during inflammation is not completely understood. We show that lung and spleen macrophages constitutively expressed PPAR, while other macrophage populations did not. Recruitment of monocytes to sites of inflammation was associated with induction of PPAR as they differentiated to macrophages. Its absence in these macrophages led to failed resolution of inflammation, characterized by persistent, low-level recruitment of leukocytes. Conversely, PPAR agonists supported an earlier cessation in leukocyte recruitment during resolution of acute inflammation and likewise suppressed monocyte recruitment to chronically inflamed atherosclerotic vessels. In the steady state, PPAR deficiency in macrophages had no obvious impact in the spleen but profoundly altered cellular lipid homeostasis in lung macrophages. Reminiscent of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, LysM-Cre x PPARflox/flox mice displayed mild leukocytic inflammation in the steady-state lung and succumbed faster to mortality upon infection with S. pneumoniae. Surprisingly, this mortality was not due to overly exuberant inflammation, but instead to impaired bacterial clearance. Thus, in addition to its anti-inflammatory role in promoting resolution of inflammation, PPAR sustains functionality in lung macrophages and thereby has a pivotal role in supporting pulmonary host defense.
Publication Title
Systemic analysis of PPARĪ³ in mouse macrophage populations reveals marked diversity in expression with critical roles in resolution of inflammation and airway immunity.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex, Treatment
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 3 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Gene 1.0 ST Array (mogene10st)
Description
Dendritic cells (DCs) in tissues and lymphoid organs comprise distinct functional subsets that differentiate in situ from circulating progenitors. Tissue-specific signals that regulate DC subset differentiation are poorly understood. We report that DC-specific deletion of the Notch2 receptor caused a reduction of DC populations in the spleen. Within the splenic CD11b+ DCs, Notch signaling blockade ablated a distinct population marked by high expression of adhesion molecule Esam. The Notch-dependent Esamhi DC subset also required lymphotoxin beta receptor signaling, proliferated in situ and facilitated efficient CD4+ T cell priming. The Notch-independent Esamlo DCs expressed monocyte-related genes and showed superior cytokine responses. In addition, Notch2 deletion led to the loss of CD11b+ CD103+ DCs in the intestinal lamina propria and to the corresponding decrease of IL-17-producing CD4+ T cells in the intestine. Thus,Notch2 is a common differentiation signal for T cell-priming CD11b+ DC subsets in the spleen and intestine.
Publication Title
Notch2 receptor signaling controls functional differentiation of dendritic cells in the spleen and intestine.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples
GSE43234- Mus musculus
- 11 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina mouseRef-8 v1.1 expression beadchip
Description
This SuperSeries is composed of the SubSeries listed below.
Publication Title
Oct4 switches partnering from Sox2 to Sox17 to reinterpret the enhancer code and specify endoderm.
Sample Metadata Fields
Cell line, Treatment
View Samples